1.Photogeology And Remote Sensing

              Photo-geological and remote sensing data is extensively used for hydro-geological purpose. These are used to identify geomorphological features and map the fracture zones that control occurrence and movement of ground water in hard rocks. Data are utilized primarily for source finding to demarcate the area and sites suitable for ground water development. Realtime use of satellite data in research and investigation for ground water, aerial data, and application of Geographic Information System, made by the Board have proved to be of immense value for quick and positive results. Areas remaining hitherto inaccessible have also been surveyed and these techniques have proved very useful in understanding ground water scenario on regional scale.

4.GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF UTTAR PRADESH

                 In the overall water resource management sector, ground water fetches the maximum importance in India. The contribution of ground water in the total irrigation potential of the country has been estimated as 47%. The ground water component in irrigation to achieve self sufficiency in food production in the past three decades has been vital. In the coming years, ground water utilization is likely to increase manifold for expansion of irrigated agriculture and to achieve the national target of food production. Although ground water isannually replenishable resource, its availability is non-uniform in space and time. Hence, precise estimation of ground water resource and irrigation potential is apre-requisite for planning its development. The scientific assessment of the ground water resources of India has been made by the Board in collaboration with concerned State Departments in 1995. Total ground water resource of the country has been estimated as 43.19 million Hectare Metre (Mham). The availability of renewable ground water resource for irrigation has been computed as 36.08 Mham, of which the utilisable quantity is 32.47 Mham. Stage of ground water development in the country is about 55%.

             The Board has a fleet of 40 digital and analog truck mounted loggers of 600 to 1,000 m capacity including the indigenously developed rugged ones. The loggers are operated by highly experienced geophysicists. The logs are utilised for lithological identification, assessment of formation water quality and recommending well assembly. The parameters recorded are Resistivity, Self Potential, Natural Gamma, Neutron-Neutron, Caliper, Sonic, Fluid Conductivity, Temperature and Flow. These are used for precise demarcation of aquifers encountered in the borehole, establish aquifer geometry and find out water quality. These logs supplement one another to minimise the ambiguity in interpretation. A preliminery idea of the aquifer parameters is also made with the help of these logs. The logs are then interpreted manually at the drilling sites and also with the help of advanced computer software packages. Multi-well correlation of logs is achieved for the purpose of establishing regional aquifer geometry as well as ground water quality zoning. These are highly useful in takling special problems such as salinity ingress in coastal aquifers, ground water movement through fractures and the rehabilitation of sick wells

7.PUMPING TESTS

                   Evaluation of the aquifer parameters like Transmissivity, Storage coefficient and Specific yield is very essential in assessing ground water potential of an area. Pumping tests are carried out for this purpose on each well drilled by the Board, after the well is fully developed. While conducting pumping tests, water levels are monitored in the test as well as observations wells in order to study the response of pumping on the water level in the area. The hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers and the confining beds, possible influence and nature of aquifer boundaries are determined by conducting these tests. Various software packages are available in the Board for processing and analysing pumping test data for different types of aquifers under varied flow conditions. Properly interpreted data of the well tests are among the most useful information, which can be used to plan ground water development programmers. A lot of care is taken in following the proper procedure for the design of aquifer test, especially with regard to the selection of suitable sites and construction of test and observation wells.

                    CGWB has established chemical laboratories in its Regional offices in the country, where over 25,000 samples are analysed every year for water quality monitoring and special quality studies related to flouride, arsenic and salinity hazards. Most laboratories are equipped with state-of-the-art instruments such as ICP, Atomic Absorption Spectro Photometers, Gas Chromatograph. Lon Meter, Semi-Automatic Anaslyser, micro processor based Conductivity meters to determine both the inorganic (major, minor and trace elements) and organic constituents in ground water. Water samples are collected during pre-monsoon period and detailed chemical analysis is carried out for preparing water quality map for the whole country

                    The survey is carried out to see the impact of development on ground water regime within a period of 5 years. The survey comprises key hydrograph monitoring; pumping tests; collection of statistical data pertaining to irrigation structure, cropping pattern, Land use and hydrometeorological data. The interpretation of the entire data generated during survey is analysed and accordingly the future scenario for development of ground water is visualized to plan ground water development and management in the area. Special emphasis to this study is given in tribal and drought prone areas. Entire state of Uttar Pradesh has been covered under these studies

                    Mass awareness programmes at different places in the state are organized with the objective to educate the common people about the judicious and optimum utilization of ground water and problem related with the ground water pollution and over development. These programmes have been conducted at Kotdwar, District Pauri, Uttranchal, Bareilly, Kanpur, Jhansijanpad, Lucknow and Mathura

                    Speech by the Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources on occasion of Mass Awareness Programme in Vrindavan, Mathura

                    Central Ground Water Board, Northern Region undertakes short term water supply investigations involving multi disciplinary approach for selection of tubewell sites to solve drinking water problems as per request of various Government/Semi-Government Departments/Agencies and Defence establishments and provide technical reports to the concerned departments/agencies timely.

1.DEEP AQUIFERS OF GANGA BASIN

2.ISOTOPE STUDY IN GANGA BASIN, UTTAR PRADESH

3.MAPPING OF WATER LOOGED AREA AND FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ANTI-WATER LOGGING MEASURES: