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The Central
Ground Water Board, Central Region, Nagpur has covered the entire
State of Maharashtra and Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli under
the first level of Systematic Hydrogeological Surveys (SHS) in order
to generate the base line information and first approximation of
ground water conditions. This has led to the general understanding of
the ground water regime in the State. The Board has then taken up
Reappraisal Hydrogeological Surveys (RHS) since 1991 to update the
baseline information, to study the changes that have occurred in the
ground water system since last surveys and to assess the impact of
various developmental activities on ground water regime. An area of
about 2,77,433 sq.km has already been covered under RHS till March
2005, and the data generated will be useful in re-orientation of the
development strategies in the context of changed scenarios.
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| Ground Water Monitoring |
Top |
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Central Ground Water Board under the Ground Water
Regime Monitoring Programme monitors ground water levels from 1387
Ground Water Monitoring Wells (GWM wells) in Maharashtra (1198 dug wells and
189 piezometers) and 8 dug wells from Dadra & Nagar Haveli in
order to bring out the spatial and temporal changes in the ground
water regime. The piezometers include those constructed Under World Bank assisted "Hydrology Project".
Transducer based Digital Water Level Recorders (DWLR) have been installed,
to start with, on 68 of these piezometers to record the depth to water levels and
ground water temperatures continuously which can be retrieved using
palm top computer from time to time. |
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| District-Wise Break Up of observation
wells |
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The district-wise breakup of wells in Maharashtra
and Dadra & Nagar Haveli during the year 2008-2009 is given
in table below: |
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| |
|
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District-wise breakup of observation wells in Maharashtra
and Dadra & Nagar Haveli |
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| |
|
|
|
NO.
OF NOWs AS ON MARCH 2009 |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
17 |
60 |
| |
|
|
|
32
|
| |
|
|
|
23
|
| |
|
61
|
|
70
|
| |
|
|
|
5
|
| |
|
28
|
7
|
35
|
| |
|
|
2
|
28
|
| |
|
|
0
|
42
|
| |
|
|
|
58
|
| |
|
|
|
32
|
| |
|
|
4
|
56
|
|
12
|
GONDIA |
26
|
2
|
28
|
|
13
|
HINGOLI |
15
|
1
|
16
|
| |
|
|
|
50
|
| |
|
35
|
|
42
|
| |
|
|
|
36
|
| |
|
|
|
44
|
| |
|
|
|
44
|
|
19
|
NANDURBAR |
11
|
1
|
12
|
| |
|
|
|
54
|
|
21
|
|
|
10
|
60
|
| |
|
|
9
|
29
|
| |
|
|
|
20
|
| |
|
|
|
48
|
| |
|
|
|
28
|
| |
|
|
|
48
|
| |
|
|
|
38
|
| |
|
|
|
72
|
| |
|
|
|
35
|
| |
|
|
|
52
|
| |
|
|
|
51
|
| |
|
|
|
51
|
|
33
|
WASHIM |
23
|
3
|
26
|
| |
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
1387 |
|
|
|
|
|
08 |
|
|
| |
|
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The monitoring of water levels from these
stations is carried out four times in an year, i.e., during January,
May, August and November. Analysis of these data is done from time
to time and reports are issued within a month after each monitoring
season. |
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Ground water quality monitoring is also carried
out simultaneously by on the spot measurement of electrical conductivity
(EC) four times a year in the field and collection and analysis of
ground water samples from hydrograph stations once in a year during
pre-monsoon period (May). Besides this, samples are collected during
January measurements for the analysis of heavy metals. Samples are
also collected for the analysis of Iron, Arsenic and Fluoride from
time to time. |
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| Ground Water Exploration |
Top |
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The Ground Water Exploration Programme is aimed
at drilling and construction of borewells to the target depth of 200
to 400 m in all types of terrains for identifying the presence of
deep-seated aquifers, their extent and water bearing properties. The
objective also includes meeting the drinking and irrigation water
needs of rural and urban population. In Maharashtra, the Board has
drilled more than 1650 boreholes till the end of March 2008. The district-wise
details of the boreholes drilled are presented in the following
tables. Most of these boreholes have been handed over, after
conducting the studies, to the local State Govt. Agencies for ground
water needs of the local population.
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| |
District-Wise Status of Exploratory Boreholes
Drilled in Maharashtra (Till March 2008)
|
|
| |
|
SR.NO.
|
DISTRICT
|
EXPLORATION IN HARD ROCKS
|
EXPLORATION IN SOFT ROCKS
|
TOTAL NO. OF BORE HOLES IN THE DISTRICT
|
DEPTH RANGE
(m bgl)
|
DISCHARGE RANGE
(lps)
|
|
EW
|
OW
|
PZ
|
Total
|
EW
|
OW
|
PZ
|
Total
|
|
1
|
AHMEDNAGAR
|
63
|
21
|
2
|
86
|
9
|
3
|
-
|
12
|
98
|
20.50 to 202.00
|
Traces to 33.62
|
|
2
|
AKOLA
|
52
|
17
|
-
|
69
|
39
|
16
|
19
|
74
|
143
|
30.00 to 426.00
|
Traces to 30.00
|
|
3
|
AURANGABAD
|
61
|
8
|
-
|
69
|
7
|
3
|
-
|
10
|
79
|
17.00 to 200.00
|
Traces to 9.84
|
|
4
|
AMRAVATI
|
30
|
12
|
3
|
45
|
32
|
8
|
25
|
65
|
110
|
37.00 to 426.00
|
0.165 to 36.0
|
|
5
|
BEED
|
29
|
2
|
5
|
36
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
36
|
31.75 to 200.00
|
Traces to 4.43
|
|
6
|
BHANDARA
|
33
|
13
|
-
|
46
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
46
|
24.50 to 222.30
|
Traces to 8.77
|
|
7
|
BULDHANA
|
38
|
14
|
-
|
52
|
8
|
5
|
9
|
21
|
73
|
37.00 to 426.00
|
Traces to 10.98
|
|
8
|
CHANDRAPUR
|
23
|
8
|
-
|
31
|
36
|
24
|
7
|
67
|
196
|
70.00 to 450.00
|
Traces to 33.50
|
|
9
|
GADCHIROLI
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
8 |
3 |
- |
11 |
19 |
70.00 to 300.00
|
1.30 to 15.00
|
|
10 |
HINGOLI |
10 |
- |
- |
10 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
10 |
Up to 200.00 |
Traces to 4.43
|
|
11
|
DHULE
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
24
|
14
|
8
|
46
|
46
|
17.00 to 165.00
|
Traces to 7.40
|
|
12 |
JALNA |
30 |
- |
- |
30 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
30 |
Up to 200 |
Traces to 1.37 |
|
13
|
JALGAON
|
20
|
-
|
-
|
20
|
31
|
22
|
12
|
65
|
85
|
22.70 to 322.00
|
0.50 to 47.00
|
|
14
|
LATUR
|
37
|
12
|
2
|
51
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
51
|
50.10 to 203.00
|
0.14 to 5.94
|
|
15 |
NANDED
|
37
|
26
|
3
|
66
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
66
|
30.00 to 208.00
|
Traces to 25.05
|
|
16 |
NAGPUR
|
51
|
23
|
-
|
74
|
30
|
16
|
17
|
63
|
137
|
27.00 to 302.00
|
Traces to 38.00
|
|
17 |
NASIK
|
-
|
-
|
14
|
14
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
14
|
30.60 to 70.00
|
Traces to 1.73
|
|
18 |
OSMANABAD
|
48
|
10
|
-
|
58
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
58
|
64.00 to 204.15
|
0.14 to 14.89
|
|
19 |
PARBHANI
|
10
|
-
|
2
|
12
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
12
|
30.00 to 50.00
|
Traces to 27.08
|
|
20 |
PUNE
|
72
|
35
|
2
|
109
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
109
|
28.60 to 200.0
|
Traces to 12.88
|
|
21 |
RAIGARH
|
32
|
13
|
-
|
45
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
45
|
61.10 to 144.00
|
1.73 to 29.14
|
|
22 |
SANGLI
|
32
|
8
|
1
|
41
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
41
|
150.40 to159.50
|
4.00 to 6.60
|
|
23 |
SOLAPUR
|
72
|
6
|
2
|
80
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
80
|
85.00 to 205.00
|
0.55 to 13.75
|
|
24 |
SATARA
|
27
|
8
|
-
|
35
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
35
|
67.40 to 301.00
|
0.14 to 10.98
|
|
25 |
WARDHA
|
38
|
14
|
3
|
55
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
55
|
49.00 to 201.00
|
Traces to 14.88
|
|
26 |
YAVATMAL
|
47
|
18
|
2
|
67
|
09
|
07
|
04
|
20
|
87
|
21.00 to 470.00
|
Traces to 49.40
|
|
Total
|
892
|
268
|
41
|
1201
|
233
|
118
|
101
|
454
|
1655
|
|
|
|
| |
EW- Exploratory Well; OW-Observation
Well; Pz- Piezometer. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| Exploration in Tribal Areas |
|
|
| |
The ground water exploration programme was also
taken up in tribal areas of Maharashtra to assess the ground water potential
in deeper zones. Satellite images and aerial photos are
extensively used to demarcate successful sites. A total of 194 EWs and 99 OWs have
been constructed. Districtwise details are given below. |
| |
|
|
| |
District-wise Status of Exploratory Wells
Drilled in Tribal Areas.
|
|
| |
|
SR.NO.
|
DISTRICT
|
NO. OF BOREWELLS DRILLED
|
DEPTH RANGE(m. bgl)
|
DISCHARGE RANGE(lps)
|
|
EW
|
OW
|
Total
|
|
1
|
Bhandara
|
7
|
3
|
10
|
24.50-200.50
|
0.78-5.15
|
|
2
|
Nagpur
|
15
|
6
|
21
|
68.75-254.00
|
0.50-38.50
|
|
3
|
Chandrapur
|
24
|
9
|
33
|
18.00-300.00
|
0.20-28.49
|
|
4
|
Gadchiroli
|
8
|
3
|
11
|
80.00-300.15
|
1.30-10.84
|
|
5
|
Yavatmal
|
31
|
12
|
43
|
43.95-201.30
|
0.14-49.48
|
|
6
|
Wardha
|
8
|
4
|
12
|
30.00-201.30
|
0.07-16.88
|
|
7
|
Jalgaon
|
37
|
21
|
58
|
37.90-300.00
|
0.50-47.00
|
|
8
|
Nanded
|
12
|
8
|
20
|
70.00-183.65
|
0.14-19.66
|
|
9
|
Parbhani
|
-
|
1
|
1
|
30.00
|
0.14
|
|
10
|
Raigad
|
5
|
4
|
9
|
16.70-175.40
|
0.22-29.14
|
|
11
|
Ahmednagar
|
5
|
-
|
5
|
200.00
|
0.50-17.92
|
|
12
|
Dhule
|
26
|
12
|
38
|
17.00-165.00
|
Tr-7.40
|
|
13
|
Nasik
|
-
|
8
|
8
|
30.60-70.00
|
Tr-1.73
|
|
14
|
Amravati
|
9
|
6
|
15
|
85.00-200.00
|
0.38->36.00
|
|
15 |
Pune |
7 |
2 |
9 |
194.00-200.00 |
0.14-10.45 |
|
|
Total
|
194
|
99
|
199
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
| Handing Over of Bore Wells |
|
|
| |
The wells constructed by CGWB are
normally handed over, after completion of operations for achieving
the objectives of ground water exploration, testing for aquifer
characteristics and ground water chemical quality, to State Government for meeting their various
water needs locally.
|
|
| |
Out of 822 bore wells constructed,
up to March 2003, more than
90 % of the wells have already been handed over to the State Government.
The State Government has also paid the cost for the majority of these
wells. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Status of Handing Over of Exploratory
Wells in Maharashtra as on 31-3-2009
|
|
| |
| SR.NO. |
DISTRICT |
NO.OF
EXPLORATORY WELLS |
NO.OF
WELLS HANDED OVER TO STATE GOVT. |
NO.
OF WELLS YET TO BE OFFERED |
NO.
OF WELLS ABANDONED |
| TAKENOVER |
YET
TO BE TAKEN OVER |
TOTAL |
| 1 |
Ahmednagar |
72 |
66 |
- |
66 |
- |
06 |
| 2 |
Akola |
91 |
56 |
10 |
66 |
06 |
19 |
| 3 |
Amravati |
69 |
46 |
- |
46 |
- |
15 |
| 4 |
Aurangabad |
69 |
38 |
- |
38 |
11 |
20 |
| 5 |
Beed |
30 |
01 |
7 |
08 |
14 |
08 |
| 6 |
Bhandara |
33 |
30 |
- |
30 |
- |
03 |
| 7 |
Buldhana |
46 |
24 |
4 |
28 |
03 |
15 |
| 8 |
Chandrapur |
62 |
59 |
- |
59 |
- |
03 |
| 9 |
Dhule |
23 |
19 |
- |
19 |
- |
04 |
|
10 |
Gadchiroli |
07 |
07 |
- |
07 |
- |
- |
| 11 |
Jalgaon |
31 |
20 |
|
20 |
- |
11 |
| 12 |
Latur |
37 |
34 |
- |
34 |
- |
03 |
| 13 |
Nanded |
37 |
35 |
- |
35 |
- |
02 |
| 14 |
Nagpur |
86 |
73 |
06 |
79 |
02 |
05 |
| 15 |
Osmanabad |
51 |
42 |
- |
42 |
- |
09 |
| 16 |
Parbhani |
10 |
10 |
- |
10 |
- |
- |
| 17 |
Hingoli |
10 |
10 |
- |
10 |
- |
- |
| 18 |
Jalna |
30 |
30 |
- |
30 |
- |
- |
| 19 |
Pune |
72 |
63 |
- |
63 |
- |
09 |
| 20 |
Raigarh |
43 |
08 |
13 |
21 |
15 |
07 |
| 21 |
Sangli |
44 |
19 |
- |
19 |
13 |
12 |
| 22 |
Satara |
26 |
14 |
- |
14 |
12 |
- |
| 23 |
Solapur |
72 |
62 |
3 |
65 |
- |
07 |
| 24 |
Wardha |
38 |
32 |
- |
32 |
- |
6 |
| 25 |
Yeotmal |
56 |
42 |
- |
42 |
- |
14 |
| |
Total |
1104 |
802 |
43 |
845 |
76 |
183 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Artificial Recharge Studies |
Top |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
The exploratory artificial recharge project of
ground water in Maharashtra was taken up under Central Sector Scheme
during VIII and IX five-year plans. The main objective of the project
is to investigate the feasibility of various recharge techniques in
the watersheds namely WR-2 in Amravati district and TE-11 and TE-17
in Jalgaon district having different hydro-geological settings i.e.
hard rock and soft rock respectively. The ground water development
in these watersheds is quite intensive and decline in ground water
levels is being witnessed. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| Watershed WR-2, Amravati District |
|
|
| |
The watershed WR-2 covers an area of about 488.7
sq. kms and is located in Warud taluka of Amravati district. This
watershed is underlain by basalts and represents a hard rock terrain.
The watershed covers 96 villages and due to over-exploitation of
ground water for orange cultivation, the water levels are declining
@ 0.20 m/year. Three percolation tanks and 10 cement plugs have been
constructed and details are given in Table 1. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
(a) Percolation Tanks:
Three Percolation tanks at Manikpur, Benoda and Bhimdi with
gross storage capacity varying from 71 to 221. thousand cubic metres(TCM)
have been constructed. The recharge to ground water from percolation
tanks varied from 49 to 132 TCM during 1997-98. These tanks contained
water for 180 to 252 days. Around 60 to 120 ha of area downstream
of percolation tanks was benefited by the recharge from percolation
tanks. Around 1-4m, 4-9m, and 6-10m rise in water levels was observed
during 1997-98. A total of 298.4 TCM of additional recharge from these
three percolation tanks is capable of bringing about 60 ha of additional
land under assured irrigation in a year. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
(b) Cement Plugs: Ten cement plugs having
a storage capacity of 2.1 to 7.42 TCM have been constructed. The efficiency
of cement plugs varies from 81.1 to 97.5 %. In general 3 to 6 fillings
are observed during the monsoon and capacity utilisation of cement
plugs is at times up to 400 % of storage capacity. During 1997-98,
ten cement plugs recharged around 58.7 TCM to ground water which
brought an additional area of 11.7 ha under assured irrigation. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
(c) Under Ground Bandharas: Five UGBs
have been constructed and their impact on ground water reservoir was monitored. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Table - 1 : Location of
Recharge Structures constructed In WR-2 Watershed, Warud Taluka, Amravati
District, Maharashtra.
|
|
| |
| SR.NO. |
NAME
OF THE RECHARGE STRUCTURE |
NO.OF
RECHARGE STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED |
LOCATION
OF RECHARGE
STRUCTURES
|
GROSS
STORAGE IN THOUSANDS CUBIC METRES |
AVERAGE
BENEFITED AREA BY EACH STRUCTURE IN HECTARE |
EFFICIENCY |
| 1 |
Percolation Tanks |
3 |
Manikpur
Benoda
Bhimdi
|
220.6
198.0
71.0
|
50-100 |
78-91% |
| 2 |
Cement Plugs
(Nallah Bunds)
|
10 |
Temburkheda I
Temburkheda II,
Malkhed
Loni I
Loni II
Sendurjanaghat I
Sendurjanaghat II
Alora
Benoda
Mamdapur
|
7.42
4.79
2.10
2.21
3.60
5.67
2.49
3.23
5.30
3.24 |
10 |
81-97.5% |
| 3 |
Under Ground Bandharas
(UGB) |
|
Peth Mangruli,Bahada, Nandgaon, Haturna
I&II |
Localised Impact |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
| Watershed TE-17, Jalgaon District |
|
|
| |
The watershed TE-17 covers an area of about 235
sq.kms and is located in Yaval taluka of Jalgaon district. This watershed
is underlain by alluvium and represents soft rock terrain. Due to
extensive banana cultivation, the ground water declines @ 1m/year.
A total of 10 recharge structures have been constructed and the details
are given in Table 2 below: |
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Table -2: Location of Recharge Structures Constructed
in TE-17 Watershed, Yaval Talukka., Jalgaon District, Maharashtra.
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SR.NO.
|
NAME OF THE RECHARGE STRUCTURE
|
NO.OF RECHARGE STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED
|
LOCATION OF RECHARGE
STRUCTURES
|
STORAGE CAPACITY IN THOUSANDS CUBIC METRES
|
AVERAGE BENEFITED AREA BY EACH STRUCTURE
IN HECTARE
|
EFFICIENCY
|
|
1
|
Percolation Tank(PT)
|
3
|
Ichkeda
Haripura
Dongaon
|
45
12
11
|
200 to 300
|
95-97%
|
|
2
|
Conversion of VT into PT
|
2
|
Baghjira
Haripura
|
6
22
|
100 to 200
|
95-97%
|
|
3
|
Nallah diversion to utilise the existing capacity
of PT
|
1
|
Nagadevi
|
350
|
300 to 400
|
95-97%
|
|
4
|
Injection well
|
1
|
Dambhurni
|
Intake
Capacity 3000 to 5000 Liters/hrs.
|
1
|
95%
|
|
5
|
Recharge Shaft
|
2
|
Savkheda Nagjhira
|
1440
480 m3/day
(Recharge capacity)
|
3
|
95%
|
|
6
|
Dug well recharge
|
1
|
Giradgaon
|
(Rate recharged) 30,000 - 70,000
Liters/hrs.
|
3
|
95%
|
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It was observed that the efficiency of percolation
tanks is up to 97% and the capacity utilisation due to repetitive
fillings in case of new percolation tanks constructed under this project
is around 140 to 450%. The area benefited ranges from 100-400 ha.
The two recharge shafts constructed at Savkheda and Nagjhira have
augmented around 23.60 TCM during 1997. It is observed that percolation
tanks are the most suitable surface structures in Bazada zone and
the recharge shafts are considered as most efficient schemes in deep
water table mountain front area. In watershed TE-17, about 605 TCM
can be conserved in surface structures benefiting more than 1000 hectares
of land. Among the sub-surface structures, recharge shafts and dug
well recharge techniques are cost affective. The injection well method
of recharging aquifer is comparatively expensive. |
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| Watershed TE-11, Jalgaon District |
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The watershed TE-11 in Yaval tahsil of Jalgaon
district covering 28 villages has an area of 371 sq.kms and falls
in Tapi River basin. The main water bearing formations are alluvium
as well as Talus and Scree deposits. A total of 10 recharge structures
have been constructed and the details are given in Table3: |
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Table 3 : Location of Recharge Structures Constructed
in TE-11 Watershed, Yaval Taluka, Jalgaon District.
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|
SR.NO.
|
NAME OF THE RECHARGE STRUCTURE
|
NO.OF RECHARGE STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED
|
LOCATION OF RECHARGE
STRUCTURES
|
STORAGE CAPACITY IN THOUSANDS CUBIC METRES
|
RECHARGE TO GROUND WATER IN
CUBIC METRES
|
|
1
|
Percolation Tank
|
5
|
Vadri
Sangvi
Dongarda I
Dongarda II
DongardaIII
|
98
71
32
25
58
|
11230
33360
6580
8850
28083
|
|
2
|
Recharge Shaft
|
5
|
Borkheda
Vadri
|
480 to 1440 m3 /day
(Recharge capacity)
|
3000 to 30,000
|
|
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(a) Percolation tanks:
Five Percolation tanks at Wadri, Sangvi and Dongarda with gross
storage capacity varying from 71 to 98 TCM have been constructedand
were monitored during the first year of its completion. The catchment
areas of individual tanks varies from 0.425 to 4.273 sq.km. The combined
storage capacity of all five percolation tanks is 285.89 TCM. The
recharge to ground water from percolation tanks varied from 6.580
to 28.083 TCM. The submergence areas of these tanks varies from 12.35
to 42.0 Th sq m. The cost-benefit ratio of these tanks varies between
1.12 and 2.30. |
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(b) Recharge Shafts: The water levels
of 42 observation wells, located around the five recharge shafts,
were monitored weekly from June to Dec. 01 and afterwards monitoring
was taken monthly upto March 02. The water levels in these wells ranged
between 23.20 and 100.00 m bgl. 21 wells have gone dry during March
2002. The period of water impounded were 79, 40 and 11 days for Borkheda
recharge Shaft. Wadri Circular II and Wadri Square II recharge shafts respectively. |
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The prime objective of the World Bank assisted
Hydrology Project (HP) is to develop a sustainable Hydrological
Information Systems (HIS) for 9 States in Peninsular India., set up by
the Central agencies (Central Ground Water Board and Central Water
Commission) and State ground water and surface water Departments with
the following characteristics :
- Demand driven, i.e., output is tuned to the user needs.
- Use of standardized equipment and adequate procures of data
collection and processing.
- Computerised comprehensive and easily accessible database
- Proper infrastructure to ensure sustainability.
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| Hydrological Information System (HIS) |
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HIS aims at (1) improvement and upgradation of
the physical infrastructures and (2) improvement in the efficiency
of human resources to collect, process, store and disseminate data
on hydrological, geo-hydrological and hydro-meteorological variable.
The physical infrastructures includes observation networks, laboratories,
data The physical infrastructures includes observation networks, laboratories,
data communication systems and data storage and processing systems
equipped with databases and tools for data entry, validation, analysis
retrieval and dissemination. The human resource refers to well-trained
staff with a variety of skill to observe, validate, processes, analyze
and disseminated the data. Efficiency requires that all activities
in the HIS are well tuned to each other to provide the required data
on time in proper from and at minimal cost. |
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1.Improvement and upgradation of physical infrastructures: |
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| Improvement and upgradation of physical
infrastructures in Maharashtra State |
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a) Observation Network: The
existing network of the ground water monitoring wells is
strengthened by constructing 243 purpose-built piezometers
ranging in depth from 19 to 153 metres in different Hydrogeological units.
A total of 68 DWLRs (Digital Water Level Recorders) have been
installed for automatic recording of ground water level and temperature
data at an interval of 6 hours. |
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|
FORMATION
|
AREA (km2)
|
NO. OF MONITORING WELLS BEFORE HP
|
NO. OF MONITORING WELLS AFTER HP
|
|
AREA OF INFLUENCE UNDER EACH WELL/km2
|
|
PRE HP
|
POST HP
|
|
|
Archaeans
|
32235
|
137
|
153
|
235.29
|
211
|
|
Gondwanas
|
4800
|
28
|
49
|
171.43
|
97.96
|
|
Puranas (Vindhyans)
|
6217
|
8
|
8
|
777.12
|
777.12
|
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Deccan Traps
|
249935
|
974
|
1169
|
256.61
|
213.80
|
|
Alluviums
|
14526
|
113
|
124
|
128.55
|
117.15
|
|
Total
|
307713
|
1260
|
1503
|
313.8
|
283.4
|
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After the implementation of
HP the area of influence under each observation network has
come down from 313.8 to 283.4 sq. km. This enhanced area of
influence would help in getting the evenly data from all
hydrogeological units. |
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A total 68 Digital Water
Level Recorders have been installed in purpose-built
piezometers in different hydrogeological units in Maharashtra
State. |
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| Installation of DWLRs has the
following advantages |
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- It has overcome the limitations of manual water level
measurement system.
- Continuous data recording is possible to correlate the
water level changes that occur due to various external
stresses on the ground water regime in the area.
- High frequency water level data measurement is possible
as and when required. Pre-determined time frequency,
ranging from 1 hour onwards, can be set depending on local
conditions.
- Natural and manmade events affecting ground water regime
can be detected accurately.
- Calculation of actual recharge to ground water is
possible by comparing with the rainfall in that area.
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All the National ground water
monitoring wells (dug wells and piezometres) distributed all
over the state have been linked to the Mean Sea Level (MSL). |
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b)
Chemical Laboratory: - The Chemical Laboratory in CGWB,
CR has been upgraded with the following instruments : |
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|
SR. NO.
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CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT
|
NOS.
|
SR. NO.
|
CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT
|
NOS.
|
|
1
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Flame Photometer
|
1
|
12
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Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer (AAS)
|
1
|
|
2
|
Deep Freezer
|
1
|
13
|
Magnetic Stirrer
|
2
|
|
3
|
Fume Cupboard
|
1
|
14
|
Table pH meter
|
2
|
|
4
|
Turbidity meter
|
1
|
15
|
Table EC meter
|
2
|
|
5
|
BOD Incubator
|
1
|
16
|
Water Analysis Kit (DO)
|
1
|
|
6
|
Top Loading Balance
|
2
|
17
|
Kjeldahl's digestion cum
distillation unit
|
1
|
|
7
|
UV-VIS Spectrophotometer
|
2
|
18
|
Water deioniser plant
|
1
|
|
8
|
Spectrophotometer
|
2
|
19
|
Autoclave
|
1
|
|
9
|
WQ analysis Kit
|
2
|
20
|
Filtration Assembly
|
1
|
|
10
|
Water Bath
|
1
|
21
|
Soxhlet extraction unit
|
1
|
|
11
|
Hot Air Oven
|
1
|
22
|
Hot Plate
|
1
|
|
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| |
The determinations of heavy
metals like Copper, Cadmium, Iron, Chromium, Lead, Manganese
& Zinc now became possible after the installation of AAS.
The determinations of these parameters are extremely important
as far as ground water pollution is concerned. It is possible
to take up the full-fledged pollution studies around
Industries/polluted areas which is deteriorating the quality
of ground water.
|
|
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Similarly the determination
of BOD & COD has also become possible with the chemical
instrument procured under HP. These parameters are extremely
important in carrying out the pollution studies. So far more
then 15 ground water pollution studies have been carried out
apart from regular analysis. |
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c) Regional Data Centre |
|
| |
Regional Data Centre has been
established under Hydrology Project with the required hardware and softwares for
systematic storing and retrieval of data that is being
generated through various types of activities in the State. A
dedicated software, Ground water Estimation and Management
System (GEMS), has been developed by CGWB for a systematic data
entry, validation, analysis, retrieval and dissemination of
data and maps on ground water and to develop an integrated and
easily accessible database. The software, GEMS, has also been
distributed to the concerned Ground Water Departments in
different States with an objective of maintaining a common
data storage format in the entire Country. After the establishment of Data
Centre, there is a tremendous increase of efficiency in data
storing, analysis and retrieval of data and maps.
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|
|
| |
Regular backup of the data
and objects (maps & reports) is taken up incrementally on
a weekly basis. Complete backup is taken up monthly,
quarterly and annually in triplicate on a separate media and
one copy of the each data set is kept at safer place outside
the Data Centre.
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The data generated through
the network of monitoring wells is analysed and the
interpreted data and maps are distributed to different State
User Agencies 4 times in year in the form of Monitoring
Reports, prepared after each monitoring schedule and
annually in the form of Ground Water Yearbook.
|
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| 2) Improvement in efficiency
of human resources |
|
|
| |
There is a several fold
increase in the efficiency of human resources after the
implementation of Hydrology Project. This has been achieved due to several rigorous
training programmes, many interactive sessions during
meetings, seminars and workshops with several departmental and
non-departmental scientists of Central and State Agencies and
several other Experts in the field of Ground Water. |
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